{
  "version": "2026-03",
  "date": "2026-03-07",
  "author": "Bernard Pugnet — Solar Data Atlas",
  "methodology": "Compilation de sources publiques vérifiées. Tous les prix sont en euros courants sauf mention contraire. Les fourchettes reflètent la dispersion géographique et technologique.",

  "capex": {
    "label": "CAPEX — Coûts d'investissement",
    "unit": "€/Wc ou €/kWh",
    "data": {
      "modules_perc": { "min": 0.08, "max": 0.10, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": "FOB, déclin de part de marché", "source": "Fraunhofer ISE 2025" },
      "modules_topcon": { "min": 0.09, "max": 0.11, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": "49% part de marché 2025", "source": "PV Tech, Fraunhofer ISE" },
      "modules_hjt": { "min": 0.12, "max": 0.15, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": "Premium, haut rendement", "source": "PV Tech" },
      "modules_europe": { "min": 0.095, "max": 0.115, "unit": "€/Wp", "note": "Modules livrés Europe", "source": "Fraunhofer ISE 2025" },
      "onduleur_string_small": { "value": 44, "unit": "€/kW", "note": "<15 kW", "source": "European Solar Trade Body Q3 2025" },
      "onduleur_string_large": { "value": 35, "unit": "€/kW", "note": ">15 kW", "source": "European Solar Trade Body Q3 2025" },
      "onduleur_micro": { "min": 150, "max": 300, "unit": "€/unité", "note": "Par panneau", "source": "Devis installateurs FR 2025" },
      "onduleur_hybride_small": { "value": 97, "unit": "€/kW", "note": "<15 kW", "source": "European Solar Trade Body Q3 2025" },
      "onduleur_hybride_large": { "value": 86, "unit": "€/kW", "note": ">15 kW", "source": "European Solar Trade Body Q3 2025" },
      "batterie_lfp_residentiel": { "min": 600, "max": 1200, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "Installé, TVA incluse", "source": "Clean Energy Reviews, devis FR 2025" },
      "batterie_tesla_pw3": { "value": 1200, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "13.5 kWh, installé", "source": "Clean Energy Reviews 2025" },
      "batterie_byd": { "value": 700, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "10 kWh, installé", "source": "Devis installateurs FR 2025" },
      "batterie_huawei": { "value": 750, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "10 kWh, installé", "source": "Devis installateurs FR 2025" },
      "install_residentiel_3kwc": { "min": 2.00, "max": 2.50, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": "≤3 kWc, TVA 5.5%", "source": "IRENA, Enerplan, SER" },
      "install_residentiel_9kwc": { "min": 1.80, "max": 2.20, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": "3-9 kWc, TVA 5.5%", "source": "IRENA, Enerplan, SER" },
      "install_ci": { "min": 1.20, "max": 1.60, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": "36-100 kWc, TVA 20%", "source": "IRENA, Enerplan" },
      "install_utility": { "min": 0.70, "max": 0.90, "unit": "€/Wc", "note": ">250 kWc, tracker", "source": "IRENA WETO 2024" }
    }
  },

  "opex": {
    "label": "OPEX — Coûts d'exploitation",
    "data": {
      "maintenance_residentiel": { "value": 15, "unit": "€/kWc/an", "note": "Nettoyage, monitoring", "source": "ADEME, installateurs FR" },
      "maintenance_ci": { "min": 10, "max": 15, "unit": "€/kWc/an", "note": "Contrat O&M", "source": "IRENA" },
      "maintenance_utility": { "min": 7, "max": 12, "unit": "€/kWc/an", "note": "O&M externalisé", "source": "IRENA" },
      "assurance": { "min": 0.3, "max": 0.5, "unit": "% CAPEX/an", "source": "Pratique marché FR" },
      "degradation_panneaux": { "value": 0.5, "unit": "%/an", "note": "Garantie constructeur typique", "source": "IEC 61215, fabricants" },
      "degradation_batterie": { "value": 2.0, "unit": "%/an", "note": "LFP typique", "source": "Fabricants (BYD, Tesla)" }
    }
  },

  "wacc": {
    "label": "WACC / Taux d'actualisation",
    "data": {
      "france_residentiel": { "value": 3.0, "unit": "%", "note": "Coût d'opportunité ménage", "source": "Hypothèse Solar Data Atlas" },
      "france_ci": { "min": 4.0, "max": 6.0, "unit": "%", "note": "PME/ETI, dette bancaire", "source": "IRENA, pratique marché" },
      "france_utility": { "min": 5.0, "max": 7.0, "unit": "%", "note": "Project finance, SPV", "source": "IRENA WETO 2024" },
      "europe_south": { "min": 4.5, "max": 6.5, "unit": "%", "note": "Espagne, Italie, Grèce", "source": "IRENA" },
      "europe_north": { "min": 5.0, "max": 7.5, "unit": "%", "note": "Allemagne, Pays-Bas, UK", "source": "IRENA" }
    }
  },

  "yield": {
    "label": "Productible / Rendement",
    "data": {
      "france_nord": { "min": 900, "max": 1100, "unit": "kWh/kWc/an", "note": "Paris, Lille, Bretagne", "source": "PVGIS TMY" },
      "france_centre": { "min": 1100, "max": 1300, "unit": "kWh/kWc/an", "note": "Lyon, Bordeaux, Nantes", "source": "PVGIS TMY" },
      "france_sud": { "min": 1300, "max": 1550, "unit": "kWh/kWc/an", "note": "Marseille, Montpellier, Nice", "source": "PVGIS TMY" },
      "espagne": { "min": 1500, "max": 1900, "unit": "kWh/kWc/an", "source": "PVGIS TMY" },
      "allemagne": { "min": 800, "max": 1100, "unit": "kWh/kWc/an", "source": "PVGIS TMY" },
      "pertes_systeme_typiques": { "min": 10, "max": 16, "unit": "%", "note": "Câbles, onduleur, poussière, température", "source": "PVGIS default 14%" }
    }
  },

  "prices": {
    "label": "Prix de l'électricité & Tarifs",
    "data": {
      "prix_elec_fr_menage": { "value": 0.2516, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "TTC, tarif réglementé S2 2025", "source": "Eurostat, CRE" },
      "prix_elec_fr_ci": { "min": 0.12, "max": 0.18, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "Contrat, hors TURPE", "source": "CRE" },
      "hausse_prix_elec_fr": { "value": 3.0, "unit": "%/an", "note": "Moyenne historique 10 ans", "source": "Eurostat, INSEE" },
      "oa_autoconso_9kwc": { "value": 0.04, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "Surplus, T1 2026", "source": "photovoltaique.info" },
      "oa_autoconso_36kwc": { "value": 0.0536, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "9-36 kWc, T1 2026", "source": "photovoltaique.info" },
      "oa_autoconso_100kwc": { "value": 0.0792, "unit": "€/kWh", "note": "36-100 kWc, T1 2026", "source": "photovoltaique.info" },
      "prime_autoconso": { "value": 80, "unit": "€/kWc", "note": "Versée en une fois, 2026", "source": "quelleenergie.fr, Légifrance" },
      "tva_reduite": { "value": 5.5, "unit": "%", "note": "Installations ≤9 kWc, depuis oct 2025", "source": "Service-public.fr" }
    }
  },

  "co2": {
    "label": "Facteurs d'émission CO₂",
    "data": {
      "mix_france_moyen": { "value": 55, "unit": "gCO₂/kWh", "note": "Mix moyen annuel", "source": "RTE Bilan électrique 2024" },
      "mix_france_marginal": { "value": 400, "unit": "gCO₂/kWh", "note": "Marginal (gaz)", "source": "RTE, ADEME" },
      "solaire_cycle_vie": { "value": 30, "unit": "gCO₂/kWh", "note": "Fabrication + transport + recyclage", "source": "IPCC AR6, Fraunhofer ISE" },
      "mix_allemagne": { "value": 350, "unit": "gCO₂/kWh", "source": "UBA 2024" },
      "mix_pologne": { "value": 650, "unit": "gCO₂/kWh", "source": "EEA 2024" },
      "mix_europe_moyen": { "value": 230, "unit": "gCO₂/kWh", "source": "EEA 2024" }
    }
  },

  "limitations": [
    "Les prix modules sont des prix FOB (Free On Board), hors transport et taxes d'importation européennes.",
    "Les coûts installés résidentiels incluent main d'œuvre, raccordement Consuel et mise en service.",
    "Les tarifs OA changent trimestriellement — vérifiez sur photovoltaique.info.",
    "La prime à l'autoconsommation peut être modifiée par arrêté ministériel.",
    "Les facteurs CO₂ varient selon l'heure de la journée (merit order).",
    "Les prix batteries évoluent rapidement (-15-20%/an) — données à actualiser."
  ]
}